Editor's Note: This post references research by Diederik Stapel. Many of his studies have since been found to be fradulent. Tomás de Torquemada, "The hammer of heretics," would have loved to hate the ...

Being ritualized, the two-tailed test has become the default option. Use it, they say, unless there is a clear need not to. Unfortunately, such a need often becomes apparent only after the data are in ...