Both biochar and humic acid adsorb heavy metals, but their combined effect has rarely been reported. In this paper, the adsorption of Cu(II) by single biochar (BS) and biochar with humic acid (BS + HA ...

This study used Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level to develop a model for humic acid (HA), characterizing it as an organic molecule with functional groups featuring ...

Soil-borne fungal diseases threaten crop productivity and quality, and the agricultural sector has long relied on chemicals to manage these pathogens. However, new research is uncovering a natural ...

Soil organic matter is often described as the foundation of soil fertility. It helps soils hold nutrients, retain water, support microbial life, and store carbon. Yet scientists are still working to ...

Soil organic matter is often described as the foundation of soil fertility. It helps soils hold nutrients, retain water, support microbial life, and ...